{"id":421,"date":"2021-06-16T20:24:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T18:24:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/?p=421"},"modified":"2021-06-16T20:24:48","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T18:24:48","slug":"co-je-biomasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/?p=421","title":{"rendered":"Co je biomasa?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Biomasa jsou materi\u00e1ly rostlinn\u00e9ho a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu vhodn\u00e9 pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a energetick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Z hlediska produkce energie je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na rostlinn\u00e1 biomasa – fytomasa, t. j. v\u0161e, co roste na poli \u010di v lese – chemicky konzervovan\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biomasa pro energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely vznik\u00e1 hlavn\u011b jako odpad p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9, stavebn\u00ed, lesnick\u00e9, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b a tak\u00e9 jako bytov\u00fd komun\u00e1ln\u00ed odpad. D\u0159evn\u00ed odpad a palivov\u00e9 d\u0159evo se mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159\u00edmo v kotl\u00edch na oh\u0159ev teplonosn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky topn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a oh\u0159ev TUV nebo pro v\u00fdrobu p\u00e1ry. D\u0159evn\u00ed odpad lze lisovat a brikety. V zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b vznik\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu jako nap\u0159. sl\u00e1ma. Biomasu lze vyu\u017e\u00edt nejen na v\u00fdrobu tepla, ale i po zply\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a sp\u00e1len\u00ed plynu v kogenera\u010dn\u00edch jednotk\u00e1ch na v\u00fdrobu elektrick\u00e9 energie. Kapaln\u00e9 a plynn\u00e9 formy biomasy (ethanol, methanol, d\u0159evoplyn, bioplyn) lze pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 k pohonu motorov\u00fdch vozidel. Jej\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed sni\u017euje z\u00e1vislost zem\u00ed od prim\u00e1rn\u00edch zdroj\u016f dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed, sni\u017euje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed produkce CO2 sni\u017euje emise ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv, umo\u017e\u0148uje l\u00e9pe zhodnocovat dom\u00e1c\u00ed suroviny a pod. Velkou v\u00fdhodou biomasy je, \u017ee se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b obnovuje a p\u0159i c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u00e9m p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevy\u010derpateln\u00fd zdroj surovin a energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny fosiln\u00ed paliva, kter\u00e9 dnes spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1me (uhl\u00ed, ropa, zemn\u00ed plyn), jsou v podstat\u011b prad\u00e1vnou biomasou, kter\u00e1 se p\u016fsoben\u00edm tlaku, teploty a chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed zm\u011bnila na tyto koncentrovan\u00e9 zdroje energie. Proces v\u0161ak trv\u00e1 miliony let, proto tato paliva pokl\u00e1d\u00e1me za neobnoviteln\u00e9. Fosiln\u00ed paliva ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159i jejich sp\u00e1len\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9ry dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 byly miliony let „zakonzervovan\u00e9“ pod zemsk\u00fdm povrchem. Na rozd\u00edl od nich je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9 biomasy z hlediska emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed. P\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed biomasy se kysl\u00edk ze vzduchu spojuje s uhl\u00edkem v rostlin\u011b a vznikaj\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a voda, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je vstupn\u00ed l\u00e1tkou pro novou biomasu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy biomasy je r\u016fzn\u00e1 i energie, kterou obsahuje. Energetick\u00fd obsah such\u00fdch rostlin (obsah vlhkosti 15 a\u017e 20%) se pohybuje kolem 14 MJ.kg-1. Zcela suchou biomasu proto lze z pohledu energetick\u00e9ho obsahu porovnat s uhl\u00edm, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 v\u00fdh\u0159evnost 10 a\u017e 20 MJ. kg-1 p\u0159i hn\u011bd\u00e9m uhl\u00ed a kolem 30 MJ.kg-1 p\u0159i \u010dern\u00e9m uhl\u00ed. V dob\u011b sklizn\u011b v\u0161ak biomasa obsahuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 se pohybuje od 8 do 20% p\u0159i sl\u00e1m\u011b, po 30 a\u017e 60% p\u0159i \u010derstv\u00e9m d\u0159ev\u011b, zat\u00edmco u uhl\u00ed je to cca 2 a\u017e 12%. Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed biomasy v\u0161ak z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed podstatn\u011b ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed palivo, jako je uhl\u00ed. Biomasa m\u00e1 oproti uhl\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah s\u00edry. Obsah popela p\u0159i sp\u00e1len\u00ed je tak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uhl\u00ed, nav\u00edc tento popel neobsahuje toxick\u00e9 kovy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Biomasa jsou materi\u00e1ly rostlinn\u00e9ho a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu vhodn\u00e9 pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a energetick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Z hlediska produkce energie je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na rostlinn\u00e1 biomasa – fytomasa, t. j. v\u0161e, co roste na poli \u010di v lese – chemicky konzervovan\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed energie. Biomasa pro energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely vznik\u00e1 hlavn\u011b jako odpad p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9, stavebn\u00ed, lesnick\u00e9, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-rady-a-navody"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=421"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estavby.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}